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Chicago Defender Archives Individuals Files
Founded by Robert S. Abbott in 1905, the Chicago Defender is one of America's longest-running African American newspapers. The Defender is best known for having spurred the Great Migration of African Americans from the southern United States to the nation's urban centers in the north—especially Chicago—during the first decades of the 20th century. The Defender also paved the way for
Jackie Ormes papers
Jackie Zelda Ormes, born Zelda Marvin Jackson (1911-1985), was the first African American female to gain prominence as a cartoonist. She created four cartoon and comic series between 1937-1956, each one featuring African American female protagonists, and addressing social and political issues of the mid-twentieth century. The Jackie Ormes papers span from 1938-1985 and reflect her professional work and her