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Chicago Defender Archives Individuals Files
Founded by Robert S. Abbott in 1905, the Chicago Defender is one of America's longest-running African American newspapers. The Defender is best known for having spurred the Great Migration of African Americans from the southern United States to the nation's urban centers in the north—especially Chicago—during the first decades of the 20th century. The Defender also paved the way for
Chicago Urban League Collection
Founded in 1910, the National Urban League is one of the oldest African American social service, research, and advocacy organizations in the United States. A group of sociologists, social workers, and philanthropists founded the Chicago League in 1916 to address the rapidly increasing needs of the African American community during a time of voluminous migration. The specific focus of the
Metropolitan Planning Council records
The Metropolitan Planning Council is an independent nonprofit Chicago area planning organization. According to its website, it is committed to developing a sustainable and prosperous Chicago region, and since its founding in 1934 it has played a critical role in city infrastructure planning, providing housing for low income individuals, sponsoring urban renewal, protecting the environment, and advocating health care for